ABSTRACT
SUMMARY Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic noncaseating granulomatous disease that rarely affects the gastrointestinal system. The initial diagnosis of sarcoidosis with gallbladder/gallbladder-associated lymph node involvement is a very rare condition in the literature. Herein, we aimed to report a case of newly diagnosed sarcoidosis with lymph node involvement associated with the gallbladder.
RESUMO A sarcoidose é uma doença granulomatosa multissistêmica não-caseosa que raramente afeta o sistema gastrointestinal. O diagnóstico inicial de sarcoidose com envolvimento de linfonodo da vesícula biliar ou associado à vesícula biliar é muito raro na literatura. Aqui, o nosso objetivo foi relatar um caso de sarcoidose recém-diagnosticado com envolvimento de linfonodos associados à vesícula biliar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cholelithiasis/etiology , Sarcoidosis/complications , Rare DiseasesABSTRACT
Background: Hypoxia is a common feature of cancers. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A) is a causative agent that changes the transcriptional response of tumors under hypoxia. Some alterations lead to an increase in HIF1A activity and this supports other critical pathways leading to angiogenesis, metabolic adaptation and tumor progression. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the differences of tissue expressions of HIF1A in a spectrum of cervical neoplasms.Methods: Tissue expression of HIF1A was studied in a total of 107 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded uterine cervical tumors specimens and its association with different clinicopathologic parameters was evaluated.Results: In this series, there were 30 low and 29 high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CINs), 27 squamous cell carcinomas, 15 adenosquamous carcinomas and 6 adenocarcinomas. Strong and diffuse nuclear staining was evaluated as positive HIF1A expression. Positive HIF-1 alpha expression was detected in 7 (25.9%) of squamous cell carcinomas, 1 of adenocarcinomas (16.7%) and only 1 of HGSILs (3.4%). Statistically it was determined that the positivity rate of strong nuclear HIF1A expression was significantly higher in invasive carcinomas when compared with in non-invasive squamous cell carcinomas (p=0.07). Contrary, there was no statistically significant difference according to the subtypes of carcinomas due to scarce number of cases with adenocarcinoma (p=0.188).Conclusions: Our findings were demonstrated to link of nuclear HIF1A expression and the invasive characters of uterine neoplasms. As a result, HIF-1 alpha expression may be important in foreseeing of the invasion and tumor progression.
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Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with marked biologic heterogeneity. We aimed to evaluate the status of MYC, BCL2, BCL6 in patients with DLBCL.Methods: Herein, we have investigated the prognostic relevance of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 from 43 de novo DLBCL patients.Results: In this study, protein overexpression of BCL2 and BCL6 was encountered in 46.5% (n=20) and 27.9% (n=12) of the tumors, respectively. Rearrangements in MYC, BCL6, and BCL2 were detected in 9.3% (n=4), 25.6% (n=11), and 4.7% (n=2) of the cases, respectively. Any statistically significant difference could not be found between Bcl-2, Bcl-6 expression, C-MYC rearrangement and the survival.Conclusions: We concluded that C-MYC and BCL2 may contribute to aggressive transformation, so more mechanism-based therapy should be explored. A larger study is warranted to better understand the immunophenotypic and molecular features of DLBCL and their respective impact on patient survival.
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Objectives: This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the importance of tissue expressions of caveolin‑1 (Cav‑1) and AT‑rich interactive domain 1 alpha (ARID‑1A) which are known as signal regulator and tumor suppressor in differential diagnosis of uterine smooth muscle tumors (SMTs). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients recently diagnosed as uterine SMTs at the Tepecik Training and Research Hospital were identified using pathology databases. Immunohistochemical stains for Cav‑1 and ARID‑1A were performed. Results: In this series, there were 10 leiomyosarcomas (LMSs), 10 uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentials (STUMPs), and 10 leiomyomas (LMs). Cav‑1 expression located cytoplasmic or perivascular area. Cytoplasmic Cav‑1 expression was determined in 5 LMSs and 2 STUMPs while perivascular Cav‑1 expression was determined in 9 LMSs and 2 STUMPs. Statistically, it was determined that if the tumor becomes malignant and more invasive, it gains the perivascular Cav‑1 expression (P = 0.029). On the other hand, the mean nuclear staining rate for ARID‑1A in LMSs (63 ± 23.4%) was higher than both STUMPs (60 ± 18.5%) and LMs (34.5 ± 16.5%). Statistically, it was determined that the expression of ARID‑1A was significantly downregulated in LMs when compared with STUMPs and LMSs (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Our findings were demonstrated that perivascular Cav‑1 expression was seen to be a marker for malignancy of uterine SMTs. Similarly, we found to link of ARID‑1A expression and the aggressiveness of SMTs. Therefore, it may be suggested that Cav‑1 and ARID‑1A may act as predictive biomarkers in uterine SMTs.